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Kyungpook Mathematical Journal 2024; 64(1): 133-159

Published online March 31, 2024

Copyright © Kyungpook Mathematical Journal.

Bernoulli and Euler Polynomials in Two Variables

Claudio Pita-Ruiz

Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ingeniería, Augusto Rodin 498, Ciudad de México, 03920, México
e-mail : cpita@up.edu.mx

Received: August 11, 2022; Revised: October 23, 2022; Accepted: November 8, 2022

Abstract

In a previous work we studied generalized Stirling numbers of the second kind Sa1,b1(a2,b2,p2)(p1,k), where a1, a2, b1, b2 are given complex numbers, a1, a2 ̸= 0, and p1, p2 are non-negative integers given. In this work we use these generalized Stirling numbers to define Bernoulli polynomials in two variables Bp1,p2 (x1, x2), and Euler polynomials in two variables Ep1,p2(x1, x2). By using results for S1,x1(1,x2,p2)(p1,k), we obtain generalizations, to the bivariate case, of some well-known properties from the standard case, as addition formulas, difference equations and sums of powers. We obtain some identities for bivariate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, and some generalizations, to the bivariate case, of several known identities for Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials of the standard case.

Keywords: Bernoulli number, Euler number, Bernoulli polynomial, Euler polynomial, Generalized Stirling number